Carbon Dioxide

Renewables 2024 global status report: global overview

This overview sets the scene for the various modules in the Renewables 2024 Global Status Report Collection. It provides high-level trends on the status of renewables in the wider fossil fuel-dominated energy system in the context of global challenges such as climate change, development goals and the geopolitical landscape. Urgent …

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage game changers in Asia: 2020 compendium of technologies and enablers

This compendium showcases new and innovative low carbon technologies that have potential to be deployed in Asia and the Pacific. It features 10 technologies for capturing, utilizing, or storing carbon dioxide. The key aspects of these technologies are discussed together with their advantages and status of development and commercialization. The …

Fuel consumption from light commercial vehicles in India, fiscal year 2018–19

This paper examines the fuel consumption of new light commercial vehicles (LCVs) sold in India in fiscal year (FY) 2018–19. These vehicles are the N1 segment in India, and passenger vehicles are the M1 category. LCVs in India are not yet subject to any carbon dioxide (CO2) emission standards, even …

Avoiding a gap between certified and real-world CO2 emissions: Technical considerations for on-board fuel consumption measurements in trucks

The monitoring of on-board fuel consumption metering (OBFCM) data is aimed at preventing a growing gap between the certified and real-world CO2 emissions from trucks. This can only be achieved, however, if regulation mandates a certain accuracy for the OBFCM methods in real-world operation. The first step in achieving this …

Political economy of climate and clean energy in China

China’s emissions pathway during the coming decades is probably the single biggest factor in determining the achievability of the climate targets agreed in Paris. This fact is due to the still growing size of the Chinese economy and its carbon intensity, based on its reliance on coal to fuel the …

Innovation outlook: renewable methanol

Methanol is essential for the chemical industry and represents an emerging fuel for a wide range of uses. Although largely produced from fossil fuels, it can also be made from sustainable, renewable-based energy sources. The need to mitigate climate change and eliminate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from all kinds of …

Zero carbon: the opportunity, cost and benefits of the coupled decarbonization of the power and transport sectors in Latin America and the Caribbean

This report shows that the transformation needed to meet the Paris Agreement goals and reach net zero emissions by mid-century can be largely driven by the coupled decarbonization of the power and the transport sectors. A joint transition in both areas would not only contribute to drastically reduce emissions but …

Trends in global CO2 and total greenhouse gas emissions: 2020 report

Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have increased, on average, by 1.1% per year, from 2012 to 2019, which is a markedly lower growth rate than those seen in the first decade of this century (2.6%, on average). In 2019, the increased in global greenhouse gas emissions was 1.1%, half the …

Trends in global CO2 and total greenhouse gas emissions: 2020 report

Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have increased, on average, by 1.1% per year, from 2012 to 2019, which is a markedly lower growth rate than those seen in the first decade of this century (2.6%, on average). In 2019, the increased in global greenhouse gas emissions was 1.1%, half the …

European vehicle market statistics 2020/21

The European vehicle market statistics pocketbook offers a statistical portrait of passenger car and light commercial vehicle fleets in the European Union, updated annually. The emphasis is on vehicle technologies and emissions of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants. Brief introductions to each chapter note important trends and provide select …

Decarbonising the Indian transport sector: pathways and policies

To hold global average temperature increase to 1.5°C, global CO2 emissions need to reach net-zero by 2050, with rapid decarbonisation in all sectors. Global transport emissions have continued to steadily increase, with transport emissions accounting for 24 percent of direct CO2 emissions from fuel combustion. This study look specifically at …

Results-based finance in the Paris Era: Considerations to maximise impact

In order to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement, it is essential to rapidly move from a zero-sum offsetting approach towards rapid transitions to decarbonise all emitting sectors. Though originally developed for offsetting, using aspects of carbon market mechanisms to deliver results-based finance can have an important role in …

Carbon pricing options for Taiwan

Annual greenhouse gas emissions in Taiwan reached a record high in 2017. Although estimates indicate that annual emissions have fallen since then, stronger action is needed for Taiwan to reach its 2050 target of a 50 per cent reduction relative to 2005 levels. This report argues that carbon pricing alongside …

Hiding in Plain Sight: European Gas Pipeline Companies’ Greenhouse Gas Emissions

European pipeline companies are using a loophole to market themselves as low-carbon businesses and avoid reporting on the climate effects of the natural gas they transport, according to a new report from the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA). The report, Hiding in Plain Sight—European Gas Pipeline Companies’ …

Greening the Blue report 2020

When it comes to the environment, the United Nations and its affiliates are walking the talk, according to a new report. In 2019, the nearly 60 bodies that comprise the United Nations System offset 97 per cent of the greenhouse gases they generated, according to the Greening the Blue report …

The EU heavy-duty CO2 standards: Impact of the COVID-19 crisis and market dynamics on baseline emissions

The European Union CO2 emission performance standards for heavy-duty vehicles mandate fleet-wide average emission reductions of 15% in 2025 and 30% in 2030 for new vehicles compared to the values reported by manufacturers in the baselining period, which ran from July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020. In 2022, a …

Confronting carbon inequality in the European Union

New Oxfam analysis reveals huge carbon inequality in Europe: EU emissions cuts since 1990 have been achieved only among lower and middle income EU citizens, while the total emissions of the richest 10% actually grew. To achieve the deeper emissions cuts needed by 2030, European leaders must put fairness and …

Climate Change Performance Index 2021: background and methodology

The Climate Change Performance Index compares 57 countries and the EU in the areas of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Renewable Energies, Energy Use and Climate Policy, thus providing a comprehensive overview of the current efforts and progress of the countries analyzed. Besides, it measures how well countries are on track to …

Global Status of CCS Report 2020

The Global Status of CCS Report 2020 demonstrates the vital role of carbon capture and storage technologies (CCS) in reducing emissions to net-zero by 2050 as well as documenting the current status and important milestones for the technology over the past 12 months. The report provides detailed information on and …

Green hydrogen cost reduction: Scaling up renewables to meet the 1.5oC climate goal

As global economies aim to become carbon neutral, competitive hydrogen produced with renewables has emerged as a key component of the energy mix. Falling renewable power costs and improving electrolyser technologies could make "green" hydrogen cost competitive by 2030, this report finds. Green hydrogen can help to achieve net-zero carbon …

Renewable natural gas as a climate strategy: guidance for state policymakers

Renewable natural gas (RNG), also known as biomethane or upgraded biogas, is growing in prominence as a strategy to help achieve state climate, waste management, and other sustainability goals. However, questions remain on whether projects can be easily deployed, the extent to which they can contribute to ambitious climate and …

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