Vehicle Technology

Reply by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) regarding use of environmental compensation funds, 29/04/2025

Reply by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in compliance to the National Green Tribunal (NGT) order dated January 21, 2024 in the matter of ‘News item titled “Feeling anxious? Toxic air could be to blame” appearing in Times of India dated 10.10.2023’. NGT had directed CPCB to file a …

Battery capacity needed to power electric vehicles in India from 2020 to 2035

India’s commitment to the EV30@30 global initiative, which targets a 30% new sales share for electric vehicles (EVs) by 2030, translates to the addition of about 24 million two-wheelers, 2.9 million three-wheelers, and 5.4 million four-wheelers to the fleet in the next 10 years. At the same time, India remains …

Status quo analysis of various segments of electric mobility and low carbon passenger road transport in India

The main objective of this study is to examine the Low-Carbon Road Transport (LCRT)/E-mobility development, accomplishments so far, supported by the policy, schemes, and regulatory interventions in India. In this publication we perform a status quo analysis/investigation on different segments in India, under the regional technical assistance programme NDC – …

European vehicle market statistics 2020/21

The European vehicle market statistics pocketbook offers a statistical portrait of passenger car and light commercial vehicle fleets in the European Union, updated annually. The emphasis is on vehicle technologies and emissions of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants. Brief introductions to each chapter note important trends and provide select …

How technology, recycling, and policy can mitigate supply risks to the long-term transition to zero-emission vehicles

This white paper analyzes fundamental ZEV supply questions regarding zero-emission vehicles. It assesses how planned electric vehicle manufacturing compares to government near-term regulations and long-term targets, and how future battery production capacity compares to global demand. The analysis quantifies the number of materials such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, and graphite …

Simulator to quantify and manage electric vehicle load impacts on low-voltage distribution grids

This technical note details the methodology behind the Electric Vehicles on the Grid Simulator. This tool is intended to help individual building energy managers, facility owners, distribution service operators, charging point operators, and fleet operators. This model-based simulator enables users to evaluate the potential electric vehicle (EV) load impacts on …

Race to zero: How manufacturers are positioned for zero-emission commercial trucks and buses in North America

This paper summarizes the new vehicle sales market for Class 2 through Class 8 heavy-duty truck and buses in the United States and Canada. In addition, it profiles the early market for zero-emission HDVs and provides a snapshot of the battery-electric and hydrogen fuel cell products available across different truck …

Real-world usage of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: fuel consumption, electric driving, and CO2 emissions

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), which combine an electric and a conventional combustion engine drive train, offer the potential to reduce global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and local air pollution if they drive mainly on electricity. However, there is limited evidence on how much driving PHEVs actually do on electricity …

European vehicle market statistics, 2019/2020

The European vehicle market statistics pocketbook offers a statistical portrait of passenger car and light commercial vehicle fleets in the European Union, updated annually. The emphasis is on vehicle technologies and emissions of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants. Brief introductions to each chapter note important trends and provide selected …

The flawed benefit-cost analysis behind proposed rollbacks of the U.S. light-duty vehicle efficiency standards

This briefing paper reviews the benefit-cost estimate developed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to justify the Trump administration's August 2018 proposal to roll back the U.S. light-duty vehicle efficiency standards for 2020–2025.

Spain’s booming hybrid electric vehicle market: a summary of supporting policy measures

Spain is one of the strongest hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) markets in Europe in terms of total sales volumes and relative European market shares. This paper reviews how programs, regulations, and incentives at the national, regional, and local level have shaped the HEV market in the country.

Comparison of the electric car market in China and the United States

This working paper compares the market and technological characteristics of electric cars in China and the United States, based on 2015 and 2017 data. The study finds that in both Chinese and U.S. markets a handful of cities accounted for the majority of electric car sales. The top 30 cities …

Worldwide use of remote sensing to measure motor vehicle emissions

Remote sensing is potentially the best option for fleet emissions monitoring, the development of an emissions factor, the identification of individual high- or low-emitting vehicles, and the screening for groups of high-emitting vehicles for market surveillance. The development and use of remote vehicle emissions sensing has been growing in recent …

Maruti will stop making diesel cars from next April

NEW DELHI: It’s the end of the road for diesel vehicles in the Maruti Suzuki stable. The country’s largest carmaker, which accounts for one out of every two vehicles sold, has said that come April next year, it will phase out diesel from its line-up, nearly two decades after introducing …

Meeting South Africa’s new passenger vehicle CO2 emission standards

In October of 2018, the Department of Transport of South Africa received cabinet-level approval to move the Green Transport Strategy (GTS) forward. The GTS is South Africa’s governmental guidance document that sheds light on pathways to decarbonize the country’s transport sector. New vehicle fuel-efficiency standards, which are equivalent to CO2 …

Update on electric vehicle costs in the United States through 2030

This working paper assesses battery electric vehicle costs in the 2020–2030 time frame, using the best battery pack and electric vehicle component cost data available through 2018. The assessment analyzes the timing for price parity for representative electric cars, crossovers, and sport utility vehicles compared to their conventional gasoline counterparts …

Passenger car emissions in Turkey

This paper analyzes the Turkish passenger car market and the effect of the existing tax system on both vehicles on the road and newly registered cars. It outlines the most recent developments in the Turkish passenger car market and creates a basis for further research on optimizing the tax system.

Improving fuel efficiency for heavy-duty vehicles of 3.5–12 tonnes in India: benefits, costs, and environmental impacts

This analysis examines the benefits and costs of fuel-saving technologies for new heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) in India over the next 10 years and explores how various scenarios for the deployment of vehicles with these technologies will impact petroleum consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions out to 2050. This study focuses …

Heavy-duty vehicles in China: cost-effectiveness of fuel-efficiency and CO2 reduction technologies for long‑haul tractor‑trailers in the 2025–2030 timeframe

China is considering options for increasing fuel efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions from freight transportation. This study assesses the future costs of existing and emerging technologies to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of long‑haul tractor‑trailers in China. Economic impact metrics are investigated, including investment payback period, first-owner and full …

Mobile air conditioning: the life-cycle costs and greenhouse-gas benefits of switching to alternative refrigerants and improving system efficiencies

Mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems are a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from vehicles. This study, conducted by the ICCT in partnership with the Institute for Governance & Sustainable Development (IGSD), examines the GHG benefits and costs of switching to improved refrigerants and more efficient AC systems. This …

Climate and air pollutant emissions benefits of bus technology options in São Paulo

In January 2018, the city of São Paulo, Brazil, adopted Law 16.802, an amendment to its Climate Change Law that sets 10-year and 20-year targets for fleetwide reductions in tailpipe emissions of fossil carbon dioxide (CO2) and the air pollutants particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The aim of …

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