Counter affidavit on behalf of Chief Municipal Engineer, Patna Nagar Nigam in the matter of Saurav Narayan Vs Bihar Pollution Control Board & Others dated May 20, 2025. The report said that the corporation has been diligently performing its statutory duties within the limitations of the available resources and infrastructure. …
In-service conformity (ISC) tests for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) are being introduced for the first time in India with the Bharat Stage (BS) VI regulation. Such tests are meant to make manufacturers more accountable for in-use emissions and to bridge the gap between lab-based emissions and real-world emissions. While the ISC …
This research focuses on an emissions control strategy for the Metrobus fleet in Johannesburg, South Africa. While Metrobus has not set any fleetwide emissions reduction targets, both the Johannesburg Integrated Development Plan (IDP) for 2017/2018 and South Africa’s National Green Transport Strategy (GTS) have endorsed deployment of diesel dual-fuel (DDF) …
Cars, vans, buses, and trucks account for 21% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Under currently adopted policies, fleetwide CO2 emissions are projected to continue rising through 2050. Transitioning the global vehicle fleet to zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) technologies is crucial to decarbonizing road transport and meeting climate goals. The governments of …
The objective of this report is to analyse the current status and outlook for decarbonization of the heavy-duty vehicle sector in the EU. The authors focus on developments over the coming 10 years, and how much the sector’s emissions could be reduced through energy efficiency improvements, electrification, and increased biofuel …
China has pledged to reach a peak in the nation’s economy-wide CO2 emissions by 2030 and to reach carbon neutrality by 2060. This study uses cutting-edge emission modeling tools to assess the potential for reducing climate pollutants from advanced policy packages compared with currently adopted policies for China’s transportation sector. …
The recently published heavy-duty vehicle certification data from the European Union are a valuable source of information to assess the values of the CO2 standards baseline, track the progress of truck manufacturers towards their reduction targets, and understand the various technology pathways chosen by manufacturers to decarbonize their fleets. This …
This analysis estimates the number of charging points and hydrogen refueling stations needed to enable the transition to 100 percent sales of zero-emission Class 7 and Class 8 tractor-trailers by 2040 in the United States. By 2030, approximately 127,000 charging points and 220 hydrogen refueling stations will be necessary to …
Market analyses by vehicle segment, weight category, manufacturer, and engine size are needed to optimize vehicle emission standards and testing requirements. In India, these are largely adopted from Euro standards to fit the Indian landscape, and that was the case with the Bharat Stage (BS) VI regulations that took effect …
An upcoming review of the heavy-duty CO2 emissions standards in the European Union will consider several adjustments to the regulation, including the possibility of extending the CO2 emissions reduction targets to other vehicle segments, as well as setting specific targets for trailers. This study assesses the additional benefits that would …
Diesel, natural gas, and electric heavy-duty vehicles can be designed and manufactured with the capability of complying with the ultra-low NOx limits envisioned in the next set of California and federal HDV regulations. But that is not to say that the outcomes for each are equivalent. This briefing compares the …
In this paper, zero-emission heavy-duty vehicles refers to vehicles with maximum weight ratings greater than 3.5 tonnes (t) that are equipped with powertrain technologies that produce no tailpipe emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. ZE-HDVs are battery-electric and hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles. This paper will cover freight-carrying heavy-duty rigid trucks …
In the past decade, China has rapidly become the world’s largest electric vehicle market, accounting for half of the world’s electric vehicle sales and more than 90% of the stock of electric buses and trucks combined. This accelerated growth is the result of targeted policy efforts at the national and …
In December 2020, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) of China updated the China IV emission standards for non-road mobile machinery. It set new requirements for particle number (PN) limits, the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking systems, and portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) testing for improved real-world …
This study analyzes the real-world emissions of seven Euro VI-D trucks and evaluates the avenues for extending the in-use PEMS test provisions to better capture a wider range of frequently occurring conditions in real operation. The analysis finds that urban operation is responsible for 50% to 90% of total NOx …
Since the 1980s, China has implemented a series of policies and regulations to address harmful diesel emissions, and this report is a comprehensive overview of the best practices emerging from the Clean Diesel Program. It provides a foundation for understanding potential areas where China could further reduce diesel engine pollution …
This is the second paper in a series describing the development of tools and methods to perform route-level analysis of electric bus operations. The broad goal is to support transitions to zero-emission bus fleets and identify the least-cost approaches for widespread procurement and deployment of these technologies. This is important …
Air pollution poses a risk to human health at levels even below the emission limits established by the World Health Organization in Europe. This analysis models the emission reductions and the health benefits associated with the introduction of ambitious, yet feasible, Euro 7/VII standards, with an emphasis on attainable reductions …
The Global EV Outlook is an annual publication that identifies and discusses recent developments in electric mobility across the globe. It is developed with the support of the members of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI). Combining historical analysis with projections to 2030, the report examines key areas of interest such …
The European Commission is currently developing the requirements for the upcoming Euro VII standards. This paper assesses the total manufacturing costs of the emissions control systems—including both engine and aftertreatment technologies—that will likely be required to meet these limits. In particular, this study estimates the costs associated with deploying technologies …
There is growing interest, especially in Latin America, in implementing and expanding voluntary green freight programs that include eco-driving as a key component. The term eco-driving refers to a wide range of driving techniques and practices that improve the fuel economy of vehicles, and eco-driving programs achieve reductions in carbon …
