This briefing paper reviews evidence of the impacts of the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) on food prices, with a focus on corn and soy, and presents new analysis on the impact of the RFS on U.S. livestock farmers. Studies examining the relationship between food prices and biofuel demand conclude …
Food economy plays a major role in world development. A food chain, from an economic point of view, means a long series of interdependent management processes, which have the main goal to providing food to people. It consists of many elements like food production, harvesting, processing, storage, and trade. Fruit …
Substantial potential exists to expand both food and fuel supply in a sustainable fashion. Sustainable biofuel pathways examined in this report include: boosting yields of food crops and associated residues on existing farmland; freeing up existing farmland for biofuel crops through further yield improvements; reducing losses and waste in the …
Describes case studies of energy cropping in Europe in the context of advanced biofuel and bioproducts sustainability. European biofuel policy has been dominated by discussions about the indirect effects of biofuel consumption, and in particular indirect land use change and impacts on food prices and security. One widely considered option …
The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) produces comprehensive renewable energy statistics on a range of topics. This publication presents renewable power generation capacity statistics for the last decade (2006-2015). Renewable power generation capacity is measured as the maximum net generating capacity of power plants and other installations that use renewable …
Doubling renewables in the global energy mix by 2030 is not only feasible, but cheaper than not doing so. Economic savings would far exceed the costs. It would create more jobs, boost economic growth and save millions of lives annually through reduced air pollution. It would also, when coupled with …
The European Commission published a study by Ecofys, IIASA and E4tech that quantifies the land use change impact of biofuels consumed in the EU. Biofuels are promoted as an option to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector. As most biofuels are currently produced from land based crops, there …
This IEA Bioenergy report provides an overview of the current status of biomass cofiring. The report shows that the firing and co-firing of biomass as a replacement for coal in large pulverised coal boilers can be a very attractive option for the utilisation of biomass materials for power production, and …
In the second International conference on ‘Recent Advances in Bio-energy Research’ at the Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy (SSS-NIBE), an autonomous institution of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, Kapurthala, the importance of science in bio-energy research for the welfare of the society and …
UNCTAD's first report on the state of biofuel technologies in 2007 highlighted a sector with great potential, but at the time that was a long way off from markets. In 2015, countries made commitments toward a more environmentally balanced future through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and now seek to …
The adoption of the Paris Agreement on 12 December by 195 governments is a major turning point in the global fight against climate change. To date, 190 governments have committed to specific actions to reduce their national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, covering over 95% of total global emissions. While these …
The production of biofuels from synthesis gas that utilizes a wide variety of biomass is an emerging concept, particularly with the focus on biomass-based economy. Biomass is converted to synthesis gas via gasification, which involves partial oxidation of the biomass at high temperature. This route of ethanol or liquid biofuel …
Despite current weakness in global energy markets and the slowdown in China’s growth, demand for energy will continue to grow over the next 20 years and beyond as the world economy expands and more energy is required to power the higher level of activity. According to the 2016 edition of …
Bioenergy is, and will continue to be, a substantial part of the global renewable energy supply in a low carbon economy. Sustainable production and use of bioenergy offers tremendous opportunities for creating positive socio-economic and environmental impacts. The water-energy nexus has been identified as one of those opportunities. Presenting innovative …
This study, commissioned by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), offers an assessment of the effect of bioenergy on greenhouse gas emissions. It combines estimates of supply-chain emissions from liquid and solid biofuels and direct and indirect land-use-change emissions with different bioenergy pathways: for transport fuel, electricity, and heat. The …
This paper examines that transportation generates maximum pollution in Howrah district mainly in urban area. Development & urbanization has led this city population increased very rapidly in the recent past. Howrah has a well connectivity of multimode road network which is very benefiting the population but use of conventional fossil …
After over 20 years of international climate change negotiations, talks continue to move further away from identifying the root causes of the climate crisis. These short, sharp articles highlight years of struggle, passion and commitment towards environmental, social and climate justice. The writings found in this booklet are contributions from …
Direct catalytic conversion of ethanol to hydrocarbon blend-stock can increase biofuels use in current vehicles beyond the ethanol blend-wall of 10–15%. Literature reports describe quantitative conversion of ethanol over zeolite catalysts but high C2 hydrocarbon formation renders this approach unsuitable for commercialization. Furthermore, the prior mechanistic studies suggested that ethanol …
The inclusion of indirect land use change (ILUC) emissions in the life-cycle assessment of biofuels in several biofuel policies has led to increased attention to the question of whether there are similar, behavior-induced emissions sources that could, or should, be added when assessing the life-cycle carbon intensity (CI) of oil …
The Ending Rural Hunger project was created by the Global Economy and Development division of the Brookings Institution. The first report "Ending Rural Hunger: Mapping Needs and Actions for Food and Nutrition Security" argues that a new approach is needed to achieve Global Goal 2: Zero Hunger that is sustained, …
The transport sector now accounts for about 23% (7.3 Gt) of annual global energy-related CO2 emissions (32 Gt). This is a significant rise (about 120%) from 3.3 Gt/year during the 1970s, and to achieve a two-degree scenario (2DS), CO2 emissions from transport would need to decline to 5.7 Gt annually. …
