Cost Benefit Analysis

Judgment of the National Green Tribunal regarding plywood factories operating in Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, 27/05/2025

Judgment of the National Green Tribunal, May 27, 2025 in the matter of Sumit Saini Vs Shree Ram Steel Industries & Others. Sumit Saini, resident of village Damla, District Yamuna Nagar, Haryana had sent a letter petition dated May 14, 2022 to the NGT. The application said that around 25 …

Precautionary management of deep sea mining potential in Pacific Island countries

A new World Bank report recommends that Pacific Island countries supporting or considering deep sea mining activities proceed with a high degree of caution to avoid irreversible damage to the ecosystem, and ensure that appropriate social and environmental safeguards are in place as part of strong governance arrangements for this …

Modified Draft of Delhi Water Conservation Act, 2016

An Act to provide for efficient use of water and its conservation and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. This Act may be called the Delhi Water Conservation Act, 2016.

Cost benefit analysis and the environment: how to best cover impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services

There are now a large number of valuation studies on the benefits of biodiversity and on ecosystem services, the services provided by different ecosystems (ESS). Both ideas have been used to elicit values from nature but in recent years the research community has focussed on ESS as the main organising …

Improving efficiency in forestry operations and forest product processing in Kenya: a viable REDD+ policy and measure?

Improving Efficiency in Forestry Operations and Forest Product Processing in Kenya: A Viable REDD+ Policy and Measure? seeks to assess whether increased efficiency in forestry operations and forest product processing and utilization constitute viable policies and measures to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) for the Government of …

Social costs of morbidity impacts of air pollution

Outdoor air pollution is a major determinant of health worldwide. The greatest public health effects are from increased mortality in adults. However, both PM and O3 also cause a wide range of other, less serious, health outcomes; and there are effects on mortality and morbidity of other pollutants also, e.g. …

Facilitation of large-scale uptake of alternative transport fuels in South Africa: the case for biogas

The Department of Environment Affairs has completed the study to facilitate the large-scale uptake of alternative transport fuels in South Africa – the case for biogas. The main objective of this study is to establish an understanding of the economic and practical potential for compressed biogas (CBG) as an alternative …

Analyzing the economic costs and benefits of climate change adaptation options

The fourth publication in the USAID Adapt Asia-Pacific Adaptation Finance Knowledge Series presents the methodology used in the Pacific Cost-Benefit Analysis Initiative (P-CBA) training workshops, accompanied by examples from the trainings of how the methodology has been employed. It is shared as a tool to help countries undertake similar analyses.

Smart grids and renewables: a cost-benefit analysis guide for developing countries

Smart grid technologies support the creation of an increasingly flexible electricity grid, enabling the integration of variable renewable energy. They work by incorporating information and communications technology at all stages of power generation, delivery and consumption, improving reliability and service to end-users. Smart Grids and Renewables: A Cost-Benefit Analysis Guide …

The economics of land degradation in Africa: benefits of action outweigh the costs

A report co-published by the Economics of Land Degradation (ELD) Initiative and the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), titled 'The Economics of Land Degradation in Africa: Benefits of Action Outweigh the Costs,' examines the impact of erosion-induced soil nutrient depletion in 42 African countries, an area representing almost half of the …

The value of land: prosperous lands and positive rewards through sustainable land management

Land degradation is an increasing issue globally, exacerbated by climate change and affecting food security, threatening water resources and ultimately acting as a driver to migration. The ELD study, undertaken over the past 4 years, quantifies the costs of land degradation and sets out a universal approach for quantifying the …

A review of the economics of adaptation and climate-resilient development

This working paper aims to inform the development community about the current state-of-knowledge and emerging thinking on the economics of adaptation and the application to development. The paper is based on a detailed review that has considered five key themes: The methods and framing for the analysis of adaptation; The …

Is climate-smart agriculture effective?: a review of selected cases

Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is an approach to address the interlinked challenges of food security and climate change, and has three objectives: sustainably increasing agricultural productivity, to support equitable increases in farm incomes, food security and development; adapting and building resilience of agricultural and food security systems to climate change at …

National Project on Organic Farming: Committee on Estimates (2015-16)

The Committee on Estimates (2015-16) present this 9th Report on ‘National Project on Organic Farming' pertaining to the Ministry of Agriculture (Department of Agriculture & Cooperation). With the significant shift towards minerals-based farming in late sixties, India ushered into the Green Revolution, which initially paid rich dividends in terms of …

Climate‐informed decisions: the capital investment plan as a mechanism for lowering carbon emissions

Global trajectories for reducing carbon emissions depend on the local adoption of alternatives to conventional energy sources, technologies, and urban development. Yet, decisions on which type of capital investments to make, made by local governments as part of the normal budget cycle, typically do not incorporate climate considerations. Furthermore, current …

Forest ecosystem valuation study: Indonesia

Further degradation of Indonesia's forests could impact the national economy and the lives of millions, according to a new UN study titled "Forest Ecosystem Valuation Study: Indonesia". The report finds that an additional US $600 million annually is needed to maintain Indonesian current forest cover and enable forests to deliver …

Costs and benefits of motor vehicle emission control programs in China

China has made tremendous progress in emission control for on-road vehicles (light duty vehicles, buses, and heavy-duty trucks) in recent decades. The vehicle population in China grew nearly sevenfold, from 16 million to 108 million, between 2000 and 2012, and this rapid pace will continue for the foreseeable future. Although …

Building urban climate resilience: the economics of alternative development pathways

This report represents an initial attempt to evaluate the economics of development choices in relation to risks from flood events under current conditions and those projected as a consequence of climate change. Rather than focusing on broad projections and scenarios, the report focuses on specific options in specific areas. Using …

Police firing on Kanhar anti dam protestors on Ambedkar Jayanti

Kanhar Protests. Photo courtesy of vindhyabachao.org Police fired on anti land acquisition protesters at Kanhar dam early morning today when nation celebrates 124th birth anniversary of Bhimrao Ambedkar popularly known as popularly known as Babasaheb. The tribal leader Akku Kharwar from Sundari village and around 8 people have been grivieously …

Market opportunities for decentralized wastewater treatment systems in South-East Asia

The report on Market Opportunities for Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS) in South-East Asia (SEA) is prepared within the frame of the joint project of ESCAP and UN-Habitat on “Strengthening capacity of policymakers in SEA to promote policies and developing plans for improved wastewater treatment and reuse in urban and …

Unlocking the 'triple dividend' of resilience: why investing in disaster risk management pays off

This document explains how investing in disaster risk management (DRM) can yield real benefits in the short and the long-term. It states that reducing disaster-related ‘background risk’ enables forward-looking planning, long-term capital investments, and entrepreneurship. In addition, and regardless of whether a disaster hits or not, it explains that DRM …

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